History of the American Constitution

History of the American Constitution Confederation and Constitution As despondency struck the new country in the mid-1780s, new inquiries emerged about the idea of American majority rule government. Numerous moderates accepted that the appropriate response lay in a more grounded national government.Most radicals trusted it was dependent upon the states to calm the budgetary weight of the individuals. These notions cultivated a development for another constitution. Political contrasts before long invigorated the formation of ideological groups. Thoroughly analyze the Articles of Confederation with the new Constitution of 1787. What were the qualities and shortcomings of the Articles vis-à -vis the Constitution? Give explicit cases that exhibit the shortcoming of the Articles (such asthe Western issue). At that point examine the drafting of the Constitution, utilizing explicit subtleties to show how the different states (slave versus free, east versus west) traded off so as to successfully draft a constitution.Pay specific regard for Roger Sherman’s plan,the Great Compromise, which broke an impasse that could have been lethal to the advancement of the new Constitution. At long last, thoroughly analyze the discussion over confirmation between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Ensure you refer to explicit models from the Federalist Papers to help the Federalist position and balance it with driving defenders of the restriction (such asJohn Hancock). Break down how the discussion over a bill of rights outlines the contrasts between the two gatherings. Assess the general accomplishment of the Bill of Rights in accomplishing a viable harmony among national and states’ interests. Upheaval: From Rebellion to Jeffersonian Democracy A Different Kind of Revolution | From Confederation to Constitution | Federalist Timeline The finish of the American Revolution was the start of the development of another republic. However, the change was difficult, as the Articles of Confederation that originally bound the thirteen provinces demonstrated too powerless to even think about confronting the issues that confronted the new country. The change from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution to Jeffersonian Democracy is the focal point of this week’s work. A Different Kind of Revolution Back to Top The American Revolution has generated a tremendous measure of writing, as it made the main new country condition of the advanced time. However, contrasted and the French and Russian Revolutions that followed, it was a â€Å"conservative† upset. It didn't drastically change the pilgrim society that existed previously. From 1763 to 1776, the homesteaders contended that they were battling for the privileges of â€Å"Englishmen.† But a few students of history keep up that the unrest was really radical, and point to the disestablishment of state religions following the war. In any case, in all actuality a few states had just disestablished their state religions before the flare-up of war. Different history specialists point to the popularity based state governing bodies made after the war. Yet, once more, just Pennsylvania and Rhode Island set up genuinely extreme state governments with a unicameral council. Truly the fundamental components of free enterprise, cash, and serv itude stayed after the insurgency. However the establishing fathers believed that they were making something new. The extraordinary seal announces, a â€Å"novus ordo seculorum† (another world request). Furthermore, world sentiment abroad agreed with this conclusion. One French eyewitness grumbled of America’s explore different avenues regarding â€Å"liberty and equity for all.† But the new country did not have the requirements of nationhood: legendary beginnings, old fables, one church, and normal ethnic roots. In 1782, J. Hector St. John de Crã ¨vecÃ¥ur distributed Letters from an American Farmer. He portrayed Americans as another individuals, committed to the standards of equivalent chance and self-assurance. His work gave a comprehension of the New World that made an American character in the psyches of Europeans. Crã ¨vecÃ¥ur composed, â€Å"What then is the American, this new man?He is an American, who, abandoning him all his old partialities and habits, gets new ones from the new method of life he has embraced†¦Here people of all races are softened into another race of man, whose works and successors will one day cause extraordinary changes in the world.† Men like Crã ¨vecÃ¥ur and later Alexis de Tocqueville accepted that Americans were genuinely unique since they were integrated by the beliefs of the Enlightenmentâ€liberty, uniqueness, and popular government. The American personality assumed the personality of a metro religion. George Washington transformed into something more than human. His birthday was made a national occasion in 1799 and Mason Adams conveyed this purification to an extraordinary with his account of the cherry tree. July fourth became â€Å"the† national occasion and the Declaration of Independence turned into a hallowed book. It was simply after the Civil War that due accentuation was set on the Constitution. The national saying, e pluribus unumâ€from numerous oneâ€expressed the new American perfect. The establishing fathers saw something new in America, be that as it may, it was more prescriptive than spellbinding. Opportunity for some was as yet a deception. From Confederation to Constitution Back to Top After the Revolutionary War, the nationalists dreaded giving the new American government a lot of intensity. Early state governments contended over how much capacity to give the individuals. A few, similar to Thomas Paine, looked for changes that would advance vote based system; others like Alexander Hamilton dreaded giving an excessive amount of capacity to the basic man. Most states like Massachusetts and New York decided to make a preservationist state constitution, with a bicameral governing body. In any case, nationalists kept on argueing over who ought to be given the option to cast a ballot, with men like John Adams cautioning that permitting the poor to cast a ballot would â€Å"confound and obliterate all differentiations, and prostrate all positions to the regular level.† Over time, the House of Representativesâ€the generally vote based of all institutionsâ€gained power to the detriment of the Senate, the more moderate part of government. In 1777, the Continental Congress drafted the Articles of Confederation. Drafted under the administration of John Dickenson of Pennsylvania, the Articles were a free confederation of thirteen states with next to no power given to the central government. The new national government comprised of a congress of representatives picked by state lawmaking bodies as opposed to by voters. It had no President or official branch. The Articles allowed just constrained forces to Congressâ€to announce and direct war and to manage remote undertakings. Altering articles was practically unthinkable, as every one of the thirteen states needed to concur. One of the most significant achievements of the Congress was the production of the Northwest Territory, a huge zone of land west of Pennsylvania and north of the Ohio River. The Land Ordinance of 1785 planned a framework for disseminating the land to pioneers and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 gave an administration to the western domains. In the l ong run, the conditions of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin would be cut out of this district. In any case, the new Congress was too feeble to even think about dealing with dangers from Spain and Britain. Extraordinary Britain, who from the start attempted to develop cooperative attitude with the new country, came back to an arrangement of mercantilism, or exchange its own wellbeing. They precluded American shipsâ€in specific those from Massachusettsâ€to exchange with the British West Indies. It before long turned out to be certain that the Articles themselves were a piece of the issue. Under the Articles, the government Congress had no capacity to manage the developing national obligation. At the point when the Congress attempted to look for a correction to require an expense on imported products, the revision fizzled for absence of one vote. Then, with a log jam in exchange, an ever increasing number of ranchers strayed into the red. In 1787, Daniel Shays, a veteran of the Revolutionary War, drove around 1,000 ranchers in insubordination to the Massachusetts courts. Wh ile the disobedience rapidly ceased to exist, it highlighted the shortcoming of the government in managing the developing national obligation. The stage was set for the Constitutional Convention of that equivalent year. Sacred Convention Presently participate in the conversations as a journalist at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. You are urged to take notes for your paper article toward the finish of this pretend. Protected Convention Federalist Timeline Back to Top The accompanying course of events follows the advancement of the government from the Articles of Confederation to Jeffersonian Democracy. The Articles of Confederation demonstrated unreasonably powerless for the juvenile republic thus another Constitution developed in 1787. This offered ascend to the two-party framework, with men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison driving the Democratic Republicans and George Washington and Alexander Hamilton remaining Federalists. With the appointment of Thomas Jefferson as President in 1799, American majority rules system took on another, more populist flavor. This paper must be four to five twofold dispersed pages long (excluding the References page) and use no less thanfour scholastic quality sources.Margins ought to be no more thanone inch (both ways) and the article ought to be made in a fitting text style and size. Sources must be recorded and refered to utilizing APA group. History of the American Constitution History of the American Constitution Michael Dean Jalal Nejad, Ph.D. At the point when the United States won opportunity from Great Britain after the American Revolution they embraced the Articles of Confederation. Twenty-one years the United States was governed by the Articles until they received the U.S. Constitution in 1787. This made it so the country was controls by a sovereign national government, yet in addition the states were sovereign also. A few favorable circumstances that this framework ha

Eusmilus - Facts and Figures

Eusmilus - Facts and Figures Name: Eusmilus (Greek for early saber); articulated you-SMILE-us Living space: Fields of North America and western Europe Authentic Epoch: Early Oligocene (30 million years back) Size and Weight: Around six feet in length and 200-300 pounds Diet: Meat Recognizing Characteristics: Six-inch-long canines; feeble jaw muscles About Eusmilus Despite the fact that its in fact delegated a bogus saber-toothed feline, Eusmilus had genuinely huge canines for its size, which at six inches or so were nearly as long as its whole skull (when they werent being used, this feline kept its huge teeth comfortable and warm in uniquely adjusted pockets on its lower jaw, a quality it imparted to the indirectly related Thylacosmilus). Be that as it may, Eusmilus likewise had similarly frail jaw muscleswith its tremendous canines, it didnt need to dispense a ground-breaking biteand it was peculiarly ailing in valuable teeth, brandishing a moderately irrelevant two dozen or somewhere in the vicinity. What this shows is that Eusmilus chased in customary saber-tooth style, lying in hold up in the low parts of trees, hopping and diving its deadly canines into clueless prey, and afterward lingering its time as its supper seeped to death. In fact, Eusmilus is delegated a nimravid feline, which means it was firmly identified with the contemporary Nimravuswith which it went after prey in early Oligocene Europe and North America, alongside yet a third nimravid, Hoplophoneus. On the off chance that youre considering how these large toothed felines could have pursued for megafauna warm blooded animals without getting in every others way, the truth of the matter is that they didnt: one Nimravus skull bears tooth denotes that precisely coordinate the size and state of Eusmilus canines (in any case, this specific individual mended from its injuries and lived to chase one more day). We even have proof for savagery, or if nothing else intra-species battle, among saber-toothed felines: another distinguished Nimravus skull is implanted with the canines of an individual pack part!

Faking It

Faking It warning: the post below is probably the cheesiest thing i have ever written. it is highly unedited and makes me feel both embarrassed and proud. i usually like to sculpt and edit neurotically, but im trying to see what happens when i dont. The week before my freshman year of college started, I went to Amsterdam and Vienna with my brother and aunt. It was a last hurrah, my final journey into the world as a child. I took this picture lying in my aunts bed, listening to my favorite song of all time, 1979 by The Smashing Pumpkins. current mood: amsterdam tomorrow, college in a week, 1979 on repeat forever and ever A photo posted by Phoebe (@phxbe) on Aug 14, 2014 at 10:56pm PDT (I havent updated Instagram in over a year, so my profile is cluttered with content from freshman yearshort pink hair (big mistake), the room with dragons, a walk through Boston, a photo from my second-ever concert.) Today, I listened to the same song and suddenly felt overwhelmed by awareness of all the ways I have changed and not changed since that night. I thought about what me-back-then might think of me-today. I think that I have become, outwardly, one of the sorts of upperclassmen I revered as a freshmanovercommitted but never crushed, attends class minimally but is academically successful, has non-academic interests and hobbies, has a pretty good social life. I think I subconsciously have an obsession with never looking like Im trying too hard. Maybe a lot of people are like thisin the first lecture for worldbuilding, Junot Díaz talked about how people need to escape to fictitious worlds to come to terms with the fact that they are weak and vulnerable, because in the real world no one wants to grapple with that, because in real life we all want to be cool. Note also that I am probably a person who could write a treatise about vulnerability and the importance of being emotionally open, but in real life I am not like that at all. I want to be cool, too, and it sounds incredibly lame when I say it out loud, like that, but there it is. Let me tell you, first of all, I am not cool. Go to class; it is not cool to look like youre not trying. I panic about all the class that I miss, mostly because I lack discipline when it comes to sleep. But the story is always, I didnt go to that class at all and I was fine, not I spent hours making up the lectures I missed and did fine in the class but am unsure if I learned the material well enough. I thought about the semester when I spent weekends crying in bed, the exercise journal I kept and meals I skipped for the sake of losing weight, the times I was scared to leave my room and walk to the bathroom because I might run into people, things we dont talk about. Freshman spring, I was the loneliest I have ever been. And yet the public-facing documentation of that semester is 6 straight Asthe best semester Ive ever had. Ive been sitting in bed trying to read notes for 6.867the class I havent attended this semesterand thinking about image, facades, clothes, signalling/posturing, being cool. The things you think about when youre a teenager, I guess. Ive noticed that an irrational sense of shame surrounds my participation in things that are labeled feminine, because, I guess, a lot of those things are also associated with being superficial and unintelligent and emotional. Like fashion and confessional poetry and chick flicks, like watching my weight, like the humanities. My self-esteem sometimes seems to track how good I feel I am at math, because thats the thing I point to when I feel like nothing else countslike, look, I am participating in the study of this very Hard And Scientific And Rigorous field, and I am good at it, so its okay that I spend my time on these other frivolous things. At first, I was embarrassed that I thought like this, but then I was glad that I had noticed, so that I could try to change it. Tomorrow, Im doing a puzzle hunt and Ill probably also be happily overdressed, and it will be a lot of fun. Last semester was difficult, too, because I was sick and sadIm worried about the winter, about November and the sun setting early. I get nervous thinking about spring semester and the way burnout from fall semester seems to carry over, about how difficult things become. But things have gotten better. I remain irrationally self-conscious about gaining weight but I understand that crash dieting doesnt work. I struggle with feeling sad and lonely, especially in the winter, but I know to go through the motions of making plans with people and showing up even when I really dont feel like it, and I know to exercise and to eat and to get enough sleep. And I know that people have struggled harder than me, and I know that Im really, really privileged. It occurred to me, though, that I never write much about how difficult I find things, about struggling, and I think its because Im concerned that Ill look like Im complaining. Im not. I love MIT. I was awash with love for MIT today, the day when I slept through too much of the career fair to find it worthwhile to goI thought about the UROP Im about to start with (in my humble opinion) one of the coolest professors in the (Course 14) game (i will write about this later when it actually begins), the fact that I get to spend six hours a week in a class taught by Junot Díaz, an author I worshipped in high school. I thought about everything Ive learned in the past two years, when I wasnt paying attention, when my mind was on meeting deadlines and trying not to feel crushed. Somewhere along the way, I became a different person. IHTFP. Some things havent changed, though. I went to FredFest (a concert in the East Campus courtyard) today and saw three of my favorite people at MIT, all of whom I met freshman year or earlier. I realized that when Im old, they are going to be my college friends, and if/when I get married they will likely be at my wedding, and even though Im not graduating anytime soon, Im excited to see how our paths cross after college. But that can wait, and for now, Im excited just to wake up tomorrow. (sorry, cheesy and gross, i know, but its true!) 1 This made me think of two things Ive read in the past few months: Realizing Tupac Wasnt Cool, 20 Years Later and The Philosopher of Feelings. From the one about Pac: [Tupac] was cool as s***. He dressed cool and sounded cool and he did cool stuff. But he was so vulnerable. Maybe its just one poser recognizing another. In Changes, Pac raps, It takes skill to be real, time to heal each other. Cool kids didnt talk about healing each other. They werent wounded to begin with. From The Philosopher of Feelings, about the philosopher Martha Nussbaum: I wondered if she approaches her theme of vulnerability with such success because she peers at it from afar, as if it were unfamiliar and exotic. She celebrates the ability to be fragile and exposed, but in her own life she seems to control every interaction. The story describes the contradiction of the philosopher’s paean to spontaneity and her own nature, the least spontaneous, most doggedly, nervously, even fanatically unspontaneous I know.' Also The Power of Vulnerability, a TED talk I had bookmarked on my computer for all of high school. Anyway, if you watch it and think, Well, gee, I make myself pretty vulnerable, Im doing great, I dont need to worry! youre probably not working hard enough.

Practice in Correcting Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement

After youve reviewed how to correct errors in subject-verb agreement, including tricky cases, complete the editing exercise below. Several (but not all) of the following sentences contain errors in subject-verb agreement. When you spot an error, correct it. If a sentence is free of errors, identify it as correct. When youre done, compare your responses with the answers below. Example Sentences Music soothe me.Billy bake brownies every Halloween.Peggy and Grace is arguing again.Elsie never takes the bus to work.The people who own that house has no insurance.One of these mechanics have a set of jumper cables.Felix and his brother is mending the wings of butterflies.Both of my essays is brilliant.The pulses emitted by a neutron star recurs at precise intervals.One of my uncles dances at the Rainbow Cafe.Phil and Jeremy has gone to the concert.Both of my daughters are professional dancers.Every one of the workers receive the same benefits.There is two gerbils in my bathroom.This box of toys belong in the attic. Answers Here are the answers below, with the corrected words in bold. Music  soothes  me.Billy  bakes  brownies every Halloween.Peggy and Grace  are  arguing again.CorrectThe people who own that house  have  no insurance.One of these mechanics  has  a set of jumper cables.Felix and his brother  are  mending the wings of butterflies.Both of my essays  are  brilliant.The pulses emitted by a neutron star  recur  at precise intervals.CorrectPhil and Jeremy  have  gone to the concert.CorrectEvery one of the workers  receives  the same benefits.There  are  two gerbils in my bathroom.This box of toys  belongs  in the attic.

Battle of Globe Tavern - Civil War

Nissan Culture and Earlier Cg Uses Free Essays

string(100) " the company to develop a new corporate culture from the best elements of Japan`s national culture\." CM J41 Strategy Execution [pic] 1. 0 Resume: The case is about the turnaround of Nissan in the year 1999 to 2002. Nissan experienced great finances looses for the past seven out of eight years which resulted in a 22 billion $ debt and an outdated product portfolio with little liquid capital for new product development. We will write a custom essay sample on Nissan: Culture and Earlier Cg Uses or any similar topic only for you Order Now In just 12 months the new COO, Carlos Ghosn (CG), succeeded in turning Nissan into profitability with a new and more performance oriented corporate culture. 2. Evaluation of Carlos Ghosn’s approach to turning Nissan around: The overall evaluation of CG is full of success which, I think, is duo to his personal background, his philosophies of management and a little bit of luck. CG has a multicultural background and has proven himself having capacity for global leadership. In his career he has learned to manage large operations under adverse condition on four different continents and speaks five languages. He has a very open and pragmatic approach towards his surroundings, with this in mind his specialty is improving cost efficiencies, and this has earned him the nickname â€Å"Le Cost-Killer†. CG philosophies of management consist of three principals. These are transparency, execution and communication which all are essential to give employees structure and direction. His leadership style is characterized by him being achievement orientated, participative, supportive and directive leader. Furthermore a unique quality and vital factor for CG success is in my opinion was his implementation of the Cross Functional Teams (CFT) and his approach to cultural conflict, which he sees as an opportunity to create rapid innovation, if paced and channelled correctly. In the above mentioned I state, that CGs approach was a success. In the following four aspects I will try to prove this, by stressing out different arguments from the case combined with relevant theory. 2. 1 Resistance to change: People do not resist change but specific things. (Notes lec. 5) Over 50 % of all change initiatives in organizations fail to succeed and when this occurs, leaders often blame resistance. They assume that if only people would stop complaining and get on board, all would be fine (Ford et al. , 2009). But resistance is, in fact, a form of feedback, often provided by people who know more about day-to-day operations than you do. It can therefore be turned into a vibrant conversation that gives your change effort a higher profile (Ford et al. , 2009). This could be one of the reasons to why CG set up the CFT. Dismissing the feedback deprives you of potentially valuable information, costs you goodwill, and jeopardizes important relationships. If you learn to embrace resistance, you can use it as a resource and find your way to a better solution (Ford et al. , 2009). Resistance, properly understood as feedback, can be an important resource in improving the quality and clarity of the objectives and strategies at the heart of a change proposal. And, properly used, it can enhance the prospects for successful implementation (Ford et al. , 2009). Looking at the theory applied and the case, I believe that the resistance to change that CG faced was inevitable. As I see it one of the main reasons for resistances was due to the culture background, however there were several of underlying causes that could create a tension and resistance to change at Nissan. One is a more general conflict that arises when trying to move people, who do not find movement necessary. Another resistance point could be the urge for protecting ones career development, which before the intervention of CG was based on promotion on seniority basis and a zero mistake culture, which resulted in general a lack of innovation, a slow decision making and risk adverse mentality. To this CG responded with a change in the career development structure at Nissan, so that the highest achievers got the highest rewards and promotion was based on performance, leading to higher performance, willingness to make mistakes and create an innovation platform. Although these initiatives where not without resistance, because of the promotion of some younger leader over older, long serving employees which was in opposition to Japanese culture norms, CG took the same approach as with cultural differences and saw growth opportunities instead of problems for the young managers since they where challenged in their authority, which gave them growth experiences. As an overall when it comes to turning a company around as drastically as was needed for Nissan it is bound to create some resistance, and that CG new and was prepared for. Such a big change makes the future uncertain for many employees and the uncertainty is something many naturally try to avoid, and thereby instinctively becomes resistant. This Combined with a strong Japanese traditions, an organizational culture that has hindered innovation, adaptability and accountability, and last but not least a Japanese government that historically always have bailed out troubled employees, thereby creating no reason for action, and a feeling of no urgency, only made the resistance worse. All this being said, I am convinced that CG handed the resistance to change ideally. He didn’t as Ford el al. points out hold any possible reason for failure on resistance, and thereby risking overlooking opportunities to strengthen operational outcomes. 2. 2 Organizational culture: A part of the organizational culture at Nissan was the sub optimization with focus only on each individuals own department with little regard for understanding the company as a whole. This including other aspects of the organizational culture resulted in CG detecting a series of problems. From management side, the most fundamental ones was the lack of vision and ignoring customer voices. Furthermore he identified problems with, lack of clear profit orientation, lack of sense of urgency, no shared vision, insufficient focus on customer and too much focus on competitors and lack of cross functional implementations. As a consequence of these findings CG organized nine CFTs for tackling Nissan’s cultural problems, and allowing the company to develop a new corporate culture from the best elements of Japan`s national culture. You read "Nissan: Culture and Earlier Cg Uses" in category "Essay examples" Working together in the CFTs helped managers think in new ways (innovation) and challenge the existing practices (efficiency). CG explained to employees at all levels of the company that they them selves possessed solutions to Nissan’s problems, giving them a sense of responsibility and ownership in turning Nissan around. It was neither top-down nor bottom-up. It was both â€Å"top-down and bottom-up. † CG could just have formulated solutions by himself and ordered them to be implemented by senior managers, but he believed in the managers and employees in Nissan, nd he was good at showing them this. As mentioned in 2. 0 he believed that if one just dictated changes from above, the effort could backfire, undermining morale and productivity. The CFTs was a way to minor the resistance to change and involve and motivate middle managers who had detailed information about the company’s daily business and had the potential to come up with solutions to the companyâ€℠¢s problems. Even before taking over the position as COO, he had industry analysts against him, whom anticipated a culture clash between the French leadership style and his new Japanese employees. This could also have affected some employee attitude towards CG in a negative way beforehand. Besides this I am convinced that many parts of the Nissan organization did not feel very good about having CG changing things as drastically as he did. A labeling from the media as a gaijin, a foreigner and a reduction of 21,000 jobs, will inevitably create an uncertainty and therefore opponents among both lower level employees as well as higher in the hierarchy. Also the new employee advancement strategy, which challenged the traditional career advancement, created some negative emotions towards CG among the older, longer serving employees, since they were no longer automatically granted with a career advancement for long time service in the company. Furthermore, layoff of several of managers who did not meet targets regardless of circumstances and the demotion of Vice President of Sales and Marketing in Japan presumably created resistance and discontent. But I do believe that CG was successful in enlisting most of the organizations support over a fairly short period of time, though his leadership style, where his visibility and openness to taking recommendations opinions of Nissan people seriously. Another reason is the respect for leadership that is inherent in most Japanese. This made his approach to leadership even more effective. Also the delegation of responsibilities to the CFTs helped getting the support of middle and lower levels, so he could focus his attention on top management. 2. 3 National culture: The national culture has without a doubt played a large part in the outcome of CG’s attempt to turn Nissan around. On one hand it hindered change because of the sense of security the government created and its rigid approach to decision making and career advancement. On the other hand the respect for leadership made it easier for him and his CFTs to have an impact on the organization. The cultural differences between CG and the Nissan organization was profound because he had never been exposed to Japanese culture before, but his approach to the culture ensured that he was fully aware of the issues that could arise. He stated that he wanted to discover Japan by being in Japan with Japanese people. That shows his humble and respectful approach to their culture, which I think benefited him allot and which I in the following will show some examples of. The respectful approach to the Japanese culture forced e. g. CG to pay extra attention on the empowerment of employees. As mentioned, Japanese business culture is characterized by a search for conscientiousness, corporation, group harmony, and an avoidance of mistakes. This all leads to a delay of decision making and a lack of responsibility. The introduction of CFTs was in my opinion a strategic stroke of genius because it was partly an attempt to break with the inconveniences of Japanese culture without harassing the fundamentals and partly because people in the CFTs got a bird’s eye perspective of the company and it gave them a sense of ownership and responsibility, which was necessary to turn things around. Cultural conflict could, in my opinion, easily be a root to resistance to change but as mentioned earlier CG uses and see cultural conflict as something positive if handled correctly, which also is in line with both Ford et al. and Dent et al. iew of how resistance to change should be handled (Ford et al. , 2009) (Dent et al. , 1999). By introducing the CFTs CG also avoided the failure that many companies often do in the execution of their strategy, which is going directly to the structural reorganization. Instead he focused on some of the most powerful drivers of effectiveness – decision rights and i nformation flows (Nielson et al, 2008). The CFTs had in their ability of being cross functional all the information they needed to take the right decisions and by encouraging the members to come forth with their ideas and take risks the effectiveness of the CFTs was even greater. CG also changed the traditional Japanese compensation system to a more Western approach with possibility for employee advancements based on performance instead of seniority. This greatly empowered the talented employees, who was much needed in the turnaround but was also a source of conflict between young leader and older, longer-serving employees. But again CG saw a possible conflict as a positive thing. â€Å"†¦these tests of authority were growth experiences for young managers†. This shows again his personal ability to turn challenges into something good and productive. 2. 4 Luck and timing: There is no doubt that CG was lucky. His timing was impeccable as the bankruptcy of Yamaichi happened when he took office as COO in Nissan. The misfortune of the major financial house in Japan helped open the eyes of the employees in Nissan. The employees realized that lifetime employment was no longer a reality and that they had to do their own part to secure the company’s future and thus their own jobs. CG, to his credit, used the Yamaichi example whenever he could to continue to motivate his employees, repeating that their fate would be no different if they did not put all of their effort into figuring out, and then executing, the best way to turn Nissan around. By repeating the story CG paved the way for a major organizational and cultural change that otherwise would have been hard to push through. If people do not see why change is necessary, then motivation for change will be nonexistent. Moving a huge organization simply by brute force is an impossible task, but CG’s strike of luck created a powerful momentum that diminished potential resistance to change. Without this, CG and his CFTs would probably have faced a much more daunting task if the turnaround had taken place few years earlier. But it was not all luck. CG a used the bankruptcy strategic in the meaning of unfreezing the organization in Lewins words or as Cotter expresses it â€Å"creating a burning platform†. By telling the story over and over again he made the organization and every employee ready for change. When everyone was ready CG created a vision that was tangible, concise, and easy to relate to for the employees. It is not enough to create a great vision. It also has to be communicated effectively to the organization. CG was aware of this as the quote below shows â€Å"He was the first manager to actually walk around the entire company and meet every employee in person, shaking hands and introducing himself†. CG was prepared to â€Å"walk the talk† himself and did so by taking the lead and thereby showing the employees the way. 3. 0 Conclusion: All in all I think CG did an incredible job turning Nissan around in a very short period of time. Inspired by the voting we have done in the class, I would give him a 12, the highest mark. As a non-Japanese COO he managed to overcome Japanese cultural obstacles, as well as effectively transforming a bureaucratic organizational culture and turning a large continuing deficit into a profit within 12 month. One could question though whether his successor will be able to continue what CG started or if he needs to find his own way. Either way, CG has a justifiable concern for the future of Nissan. They might be on the right path, but they are still far from reaching their goals. How to cite Nissan: Culture and Earlier Cg Uses, Essay examples

Consumer Behaviour Transitioning Loyalty Programs

Question: Describe about the Consumer Behaviour for Transitioning Loyalty Programs. Answer: Part A: Customer segment: Senior Citizen The first segment of the customer is related to the elderly citizen, who have the primary concern of maintaining well-being status of life and are updated about technological framework only to a certain limit. According to Lian and Yen (2014, pp.133), these age group customers are generally quite loyal in behavior and give the honest review regarding the customer service. They possess the most of the life experiences which help them to become conscious and alert customers in a present day. With aging, there is a loss of the mass of muscle which results in a decrease of strength and activity level. This results in their potential and ability to heavy exercise or for a longer duration. In contrast, it is seen that despite having low stamina, most of them prefer to do exercise and stay fit and thus will be attractive towards fitness industry (Thompson, 2014, pp.8). The senior citizens also prefer to watch pay TV like Presto, Stan, and Netflix. It is found that the older age groups are m ore addicted towards TV. They prefer to watch more of news than any other entertainment channels and hence are seldom attractive to pay TV industry as loyal customers (Kottak, 2016). With growing age they prefer less to eat outside food because of a health issue; hence eating out in restaurants are seen less among them. This is other words is indicative that elderly customer segment is not must attractive towards restaurant or food industry compared to another customer segment (Hwang and Ok, 2013, pp.121). Customer segment: Baby Boomers The second customer segment includes the generation of people advancing towards retirement age. These age group customers have sufficient money and prefer to spend on themselves and family, which in turn is indicative of maintaining a good lifestyle and attractive towards leisure time entertainment (Bowen and Chen, 2015, pp.415). The baby boomers generation in their retirement years seems to be more active towards exercise and fitness. They desire to remain fit in their retirement period by joining yoga, aerobics, and other workout programs and that they are much interested towards gym or fitness industry (Bowen and Chen, 2015, pp.415). It has been estimated that these group customers make around 60% of the audience in a week by watching pay TV. Most of them watching television for about Five to six hours per day through streaming online or using digital recording machine (Beehr, 2014, pp.1093). Importantly, around more than half of boomers wish to spend time and money on eating by t rying new foods and restaurants. They prefer to go restaurants in the afternoon and especially in the evening. They prefer those restaurants giving coupons and membership facility. Despite, all these enjoyment, they give prior importance to their health (Beehr, 2014, pp.1093). Consumer segment: Generation X The third customer segment is referred to a class of people with increasing family household along with a huge amount of mortgage are the most tensed and unsatisfied group. Due to growing family and mortgage pressure, they have to spend money to a limit. These group customers neither have time nor money to spend on fitness and exercise by fitness classes or clubs (Beehr, 2014, pp.1093). They do prefer to yoga or exercise by themselves but are only attractive towards fitness industry if they can found a substantial discount or attractive offers (Kanchanapibul, 2014, pp.528). Due to lack of money, they preferred not to afford the pay TV and chose to watch the regular TV. Besides TV, they also decide not to eat in restaurants on a regular basis. This group of customers along with their family generally come to restaurants on weekends and special occasions only (Parment, 2013, pp.189). Customer segment: Single Adults The last and the youngest generation include the single adult customers. These age group customers are vivacious and energetic in nature. They used to spend a lot on their daily requirements. These age group customers are more prone to weight gain/obesity, while a few of them are least interested towards exercise (Schmeltz, 2012, pp.29). As they have sufficient money needed for their daily needs, most of them join a gym, fitness clubs, yoga and aerobic classes. This age group shows more interest in watching Pay TV which includes drama, reality shows, fictions, music, and sports. Having sufficient money, they are able to pay any amount for the pay TV (Kottak, 2016). They use to watch TV using a digital recording device and also watch online streaming shows (Kilian, 2012, pp.114). It has been surveyed that major customers of any restaurants include these single adult customers which around 60% or more. They used to enjoy with friends and family and usually in the night time (Parment, 2 013, pp.189). Part B Introduction One of the major demographic aspects which affect these three industries is gender segmentation (Wedel and Kamakura, 2012). The fitness mode and exercise types differ for both male and female. Female has less strength and stamina compared to male due to less lean muscles mass. Due to this, they prefer to do yoga, aerobics, cardio, and jogging; on the other hand, male prefers to do hard-core exercises. Gender segmentation According to male customers, exercise is like sports to them, whereas female it is a fitness and look issue (Mohd Suki, 2013, pp.726). It has been noticed that female customers are more regular in exercise than the male customers. In the case of watching Pay TV, female customers are ahead of male customers, as per the theory of market segmentation (Mohd Suki, 2013, pp.726). It has been surveyed that female viewers rules over the primetime shows which include mostly drama, series, and reality shows. Male customers seem less interested in watching Pay TV, and they prefer to watch seldom which includes sports and news (Hun and Yazdanifard, 2014, pp.2321). Similarly, for eating in a restaurant, male customers are found to be fonder compared to female customers. Female customers are more conscious of the hygiene, sanitation, and variety of food available in the restaurant (Rettie, 2012, pp.420). Marital status Another demographic aspect of the customers is the marital status. It has been observed that married couples are less conscious about physical fitness than singletons (Mohd Suki, 2013). They choose to spend time with each other instead of doing exercise. Importantly, after marriage, the individuals have got more responsibilities which restrain them from doing physical activity. Also for the same reason, the married couples seldom get time to watch Pay TV; whereas the singletons are free to watching television at any time as revealed by analysis of Wedel and Kamakura (2012). Singletons are carefree in nature and hence eat in the restaurant whenever whatever and wherever they like. In contrary, the married couple is selective in nature and are particular about every detail of the restaurant (Beehr, 2014). Employment status Employment status is one of a most determining factor in the customer behavior. Customers having low-income employment status are constrained with a limited amount of money, which ultimately affects their lifestyle (Kilian, 2012, pp.114). In contrast, customers with high employment status have the freedom to join any fitness programs, gym and work out centers. According to Kanchanapibul (2014, pp.528), the customers with low-income status cannot afford such fitness classes or trainer and hence depend on upon their regular exercise. The higher employment status customers have sufficient income to afford Pay TV, while lower employment status customers have to satisfy themselves with the regular satellite TV. Higher income customers go to restaurants on a regular basis for enjoyment and societal status, whereas lower income customers go to restaurants on weekends and special occasions. They prefer first on food pricing than on food choosing and opt for fast food centers than the service restaurant (Parment, 2013). Education Level of awareness The most critical demographic factor which determining the customer behavior on the given three major industries is education. The personality and behavior of an individual are determined from their educational qualification. Education decides the living style and standard of an individual. Educated customers are more aware of fitness and exercise benefits and tend to do exercise on a regular basis. Uneducated or less educated customers have less knowledge regarding exercise and its associated health benefits. This leads to their less concern towards fitness and exercise, and they are not willing to do the workout. Moreover due to less educational qualification, they do not possess any job, and hence are more inclined towards TV (Han and Yoon, 2015, pp.22). Most of the educated customers prefer not to waste time on TV, rather do something fruitful. Informed customers go for the quality and eminence of the restaurant and verify every feature of the restaurant like ambiance, sanitation , quality of food, and hygiene condition. On the other hand, uneducated customers do not bother about all these aspects of restaurants because of their ignorance. Thus, they can be easily influenced and created by the service provider (Han and Yoon, 2015, pp.22). Ethnicity Lastly, ethnicity is another major feature that decides the customer behavior. Ethnicity defines a group of people who categorize themselves with common language or religion or nationality or origin or social culture (Sekhon, 2015, pp.211). These types of customers choose to do the exercise with the people of their same ethnicity. In terms of fitness, they prefer the diet according to their culture and nationality. Also in the case of watching Pay TV, they select the channels related to their ethnicity (Beehr, 2014, pp.1098). Furthermore in choosing a restaurant to eat they prefer the restaurant having their ethnic feature giving them homely atmosphere. 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